Between August 9 and September 7, 1947, Mahatma Gandhi stayed in Calcutta attempting to restore peace amid communal violence following India’s independence. On August 14, Hindus and Muslims jointly celebrated independence in the city, an event described as a “miracle” by observers. However, Gandhi termed it a “short-lived nine-day wonder” after fresh riots erupted and two Muslim migrants were killed on September 1. Gandhi held several prayer meetings in areas affected by violence, promoting communal harmony by emphasizing shared cultural symbols and urging peaceful coexistence. He also coordinated relief efforts, including arranging rice supplies for East Bengal. Despite his dedication to peace, Gandhi faced suspicion from both Hindu and Muslim communities, each accusing him of partiality. Reports from the period highlight nervousness among communities and authorities, with Gandhi’s presence in riot-prone areas seen as a stabilizing influence. The celebrations and temporary peace contrasted with the ongoing political and communal tensions that marked the partition period. These events are detailed in Manash Firaq Bhattacharjee’s book, Gandhi: The End of Nonviolence. (Updated 22 Aug 2025, 11:06 IST; source: link)